Mesh complications refer to adverse effects that can occur when surgical mesh is used in procedures such as hernia repairs, pelvic organ prolapse repairs, or stress urinary incontinence treatments. These complications can include mesh migration, erosion, infection, chronic pain, and organ perforation. Mesh complications can cause significant health issues for patients and may require additional surgeries to address. Research in this area focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to mesh complications, developing strategies to prevent them, and improving treatment options for patients who experience complications.